#精品长文创作季#

继上一篇基于Flutter3.x桌面端仿微信exe实例一经发表，被赞爆了。

今天再来分享一些实现的技术知识，希望以下分享对大家有些许的帮助~~

技术框架

• 开发工具：vscode
• 窗口管理：bitsdojo_window: ^0.1.6
• 托盘管理：system_tray: ^2.0.3
• 路由/状态管理：get: ^4.6.6
• 本地存储：get_storage: ^2.1.1
• 图片预览插件：photo_view: ^0.14.0
• 网址预览：url_launcher: ^6.2.4
• 视频组件：media_kit: ^1.1.10+1
• 文件选择器：file_picker: ^6.1.1

已经实现了聊天消息、通讯录、收藏、朋友圈、短视频、我的等页面模块。

项目结构目录

// 创建flutter项目模板
flutter create win_proj
// 运行到桌面
flutter run -d windows

注意：开发之前需要自行配置好flutter sdk和dart sdk环境。

https://flutter.dev/
https://www.dartcn.com/

整体采用 bitsdojo_window 插件进行窗口管理。支持自定义窗口尺寸及系统操作按钮(最大化/最小化/关闭)。

https://pub-web.flutter-io.cn/packages/bitsdojo_window

flutter桌面端通过 system_tray 插件，生成系统托盘图标。

https://pub-web.flutter-io.cn/packages/system_tray

main.dart入口配置

import 'dart:io';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:bitsdojo_window/bitsdojo_window.dart';
import 'package:get/get.dart';
import 'package:get_storage/get_storage.dart';
import 'package:media_kit/media_kit.dart';
import 'package:system_tray/system_tray.dart';

import 'utils/index.dart';

// 引入公共样式
import 'styles/index.dart';

// 引入公共布局模板
import 'layouts/index.dart';

// 引入路由配置
import 'router/index.dart';

void main() async {
  // 初始化get_storage存储类
  await GetStorage.init();

  // 初始化media_kit视频套件
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  MediaKit.ensureInitialized();

  initSystemTray();

  runApp(const MyApp());

  // 初始化bitsdojo_window窗口
  doWhenWindowReady(() {
    appWindow.size = const Size(850, 620);
    appWindow.minSize = const Size(700, 500);
    appWindow.alignment = Alignment.center;
    appWindow.title = 'Flutter3-WinChat';
    appWindow.show();
  });
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return GetMaterialApp(
      title: 'FLUTTER3 WINCHAT',
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      theme: ThemeData(
        primaryColor: FStyle.primaryColor,
        useMaterial3: true,
        // 修正windows端字体粗细不一致
        fontFamily: Platform.isWindows ? 'Microsoft YaHei' : null,
      ),
      home: const Layout(),
      // 初始路由
      initialRoute: Utils.isLogin() ? '/index' :'/login',
      // 路由页面
      getPages: routes,
      onInit: () {},
      onReady: () {},
    );
  }
}

// 创建系统托盘图标
Future<void> initSystemTray() async {
  String trayIco = 'assets/images/tray.ico';
  SystemTray systemTray = SystemTray();

  // 初始化系统托盘
  await systemTray.initSystemTray(
    title: 'system-tray',
    iconPath: trayIco,
  );

  // 右键菜单
  final Menu menu = Menu();
  await menu.buildFrom([
    MenuItemLabel(label: 'show', onClicked: (menuItem) => appWindow.show()),
    MenuItemLabel(label: 'hide', onClicked: (menuItem) => appWindow.hide()),
    MenuItemLabel(label: 'close', onClicked: (menuItem) => appWindow.close()),
  ]);
  await systemTray.setContextMenu(menu);

  // 右键事件
  systemTray.registerSystemTrayEventHandler((eventName) {
    debugPrint('eventName: $eventName');
    if (eventName == kSystemTrayEventClick) {
      Platform.isWindows ? appWindow.show() : systemTray.popUpContextMenu();
    } else if (eventName == kSystemTrayEventRightClick) {
      Platform.isWindows ? systemTray.popUpContextMenu() : appWindow.show();
    }
  });
}

flutter自定义右上角操作按钮组

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context){
  return Row(
    children: [
      Container(
        child: widget.leading,
      ),
      Visibility(
        visible: widget.minimizable,
        child: MouseRegion(
          cursor: SystemMouseCursors.click,
          child: SizedBox(
            width: 32.0,
            height: 36.0,
            child: MinimizeWindowButton(colors: buttonColors, onPressed: handleMinimize,),
          )
        ),
      ),
      Visibility(
        visible: widget.maximizable,
        child: MouseRegion(
          cursor: SystemMouseCursors.click,
          child: SizedBox(
            width: 32.0,
            height: 36.0,
            child: isMaximized ? 
            RestoreWindowButton(colors: buttonColors, onPressed: handleMaxRestore,)
            : 
            MaximizeWindowButton(colors: buttonColors, onPressed: handleMaxRestore,),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      Visibility(
        visible: widget.closable,
        child: MouseRegion(
          cursor: SystemMouseCursors.click,
          child: SizedBox(
            width: 32.0,
            height: 36.0,
            child: CloseWindowButton(colors: closeButtonColors, onPressed: handleExit,),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      Container(
        child: widget.trailing,
      ),
    ],
  );
}

// 最小化
void handleMinimize() {
  appWindow.minimize();
}
// 设置最大化/恢复
void handleMaxRestore() {
  appWindow.maximizeOrRestore();
}
// 关闭
void handleExit() {
  showDialog(
    context: context,
    builder: (context) {
      return AlertDialog(
        content: const Text('是否最小化至托盘，不退出程序？', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 16.0),),
        backgroundColor: Colors.white,
        surfaceTintColor: Colors.white,
        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(3.0)),
        elevation: 3.0,
        actionsPadding: const EdgeInsets.all(15.0),
        actions: [
          TextButton(
            onPressed: () {
              Get.back();
              appWindow.close();
            },
            child: const Text('退出', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.red),)
          ),
          TextButton(
            onPressed: () {
              Get.back();
              appWindow.hide();
            },
            child: const Text('最小化至托盘', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.deepPurple),)
          ),
        ],
      );
    }
  );
}

通过flutter内置的WidgetsBindingObserver来监测窗口变化。

class _WinbtnState extends State<Winbtn> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
  // 是否最大化
  bool isMaximized = false;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    super.dispose();
  }

  // 监听窗口尺寸变化
  @override
  void didChangeMetrics() {
    super.didChangeMetrics();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
      setState(() {
        isMaximized = appWindow.isMaximized;
      });
    });
  }

  // ...
}

flutter布局模板

项目整体参照微信客户端，分为如下几个大模块。

class Layout extends StatefulWidget {
  const Layout({
    super.key,
    this.activitybar = const Activitybar(),
    this.sidebar,
    this.workbench,
    this.showSidebar = true,
  });

  final Widget? activitybar; // 左侧操作栏
  final Widget? sidebar; // 侧边栏
  final Widget? workbench; // 右侧工作面板
  final bool showSidebar; // 是否显示侧边栏

  @override
  State<Layout> createState() => _LayoutState();
}

return Scaffold(
  backgroundColor: Colors.grey[100],
  body: Flex(
    direction: Axis.horizontal,
    children: [
      // 左侧操作栏
      MoveWindow(
        child: widget.activitybar,
        onDoubleTap: () => {},
      ),
      // 侧边栏
      Visibility(
        visible: widget.showSidebar,
        child: SizedBox(
          width: 270.0,
          child: Container(
            decoration: const BoxDecoration(
              gradient: LinearGradient(
                begin: Alignment.topLeft,
                end: Alignment.bottomRight,
                colors: [
                  Color(0xFFEEEBE7), Color(0xFFEEEEEE)
                ]
              ),
            ),
            child: widget.sidebar,
          ),
        ),
      ),
      // 主体容器
      Expanded(
        child: Column(
          children: [
            WindowTitleBarBox(
              child: Row(
                children: [
                  Expanded(
                    child: MoveWindow(),
                  ),
                  // 右上角操作按钮组
                  Winbtn(
                    leading: Row(
                      children: [
                        IconButton(onPressed: () {}, icon: const Icon(Icons.auto_fix_high), iconSize: 14.0,),
                        IconButton(
                          onPressed: () {
                            setState(() {
                              winTopMost = !winTopMost;
                            });
                          },
                          tooltip: winTopMost ? '取消置顶' : '置顶',
                          icon: const Icon(Icons.push_pin_outlined),
                          iconSize: 14.0,
                          highlightColor: Colors.transparent, // 点击水波纹颜色
                          isSelected: winTopMost ? true : false, // 是否选中
                          style: ButtonStyle(
                            visualDensity: VisualDensity.compact,
                            backgroundColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(winTopMost ? Colors.grey[300] : Colors.transparent),
                            shape: MaterialStatePropertyAll(
                              RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(0.0))
                            ),
                          ),
                        ),
                      ],
                    ),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            ),
            // 右侧工作面板
            Expanded(
              child: Container(
                child: widget.workbench,
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
);

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Container(
    width: 54.0,
    decoration: const BoxDecoration(
      color: Color(0xFF2E2E2E),
    ),
    child: NavigationRail(
      backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
      labelType: NavigationRailLabelType.none, // all 显示图标+标签 selected 只显示激活图标+标签 none 不显示标签
      indicatorColor: Colors.transparent, // 去掉选中椭圆背景
      indicatorShape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(0.0),
      ),
      unselectedIconTheme: const IconThemeData(color: Color(0xFF979797), size: 24.0),
      selectedIconTheme: const IconThemeData(color: Color(0xFF07C160), size: 24.0,),
      unselectedLabelTextStyle: const TextStyle(color: Color(0xFF979797),),
      selectedLabelTextStyle: const TextStyle(color: Color(0xFF07C160),),
      // 头部(图像)
      leading: GestureDetector(
        onPanStart: (details) => {},
        child: Container(
          margin: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 30.0, bottom: 10.0),
          child: InkWell(
            child: Image.asset('assets/images/avatar/uimg1.jpg', height: 36.0, width: 36.0,),
            onTapDown: (TapDownDetails details) {
              cardDX = details.globalPosition.dx;
              cardDY = details.globalPosition.dy;
            },
            onTap: () {
              showCardDialog(context);
            },
          ),
        ),
      ),
      // 尾部(链接)
      trailing: Expanded(
        child: Container(
          margin: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 10.0),
          child: GestureDetector(
            onPanStart: (details) => {},
            child: Column(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.end,
              children: [
                IconButton(icon: Icon(Icons.info_outline, color: Color(0xFF979797), size: 24.0), onPressed:(){showAboutDialog(context);}),
                PopupMenuButton(
                  icon: const Icon(Icons.menu, color: Color(0xFF979797), size: 24.0,),
                  offset: const Offset(54.0, 0.0),
                  tooltip: '',
                  color: const Color(0xFF353535),
                  surfaceTintColor: Colors.transparent,
                  shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(0.0)),
                  padding: EdgeInsets.zero,
                  itemBuilder: (BuildContext context) {
                    return <PopupMenuItem>[
                      popupMenuItem('我的私密空间', 0),
                      popupMenuItem('锁定', 1),
                      popupMenuItem('意见反馈', 2),
                      popupMenuItem('设置', 3),
                    ];
                  },
                  onSelected: (value) {
                    switch(value) {
                      case 0:
                        Get.toNamed('/my');
                        break;
                      case 3:
                        Get.toNamed('/setting');
                        break;
                    }
                  },
                ),
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      selectedIndex: tabCur,
      destinations: [
        ...tabNavs
      ],
      onDestinationSelected: (index) {
        setState(() {
          tabCur = index;
          if(tabRoute[index] != null && tabRoute[index]?['path'] != null) {
            Get.toNamed(tabRoute[index]['path']);
          }
        });
      },
    ),
  );
}

flutter3短视频模板

// flutter3短视频模板
Container(
  width: MediaQuery.of(context).size.height * 9 / 16,
  decoration: const BoxDecoration(
    color: Colors.black,
  ),
  child: Stack(
    children: [
      // Swiper垂直滚动区域
      PageView(
        // 自定义滚动行为(支持桌面端滑动、去掉滚动条槽)
        scrollBehavior: SwiperScrollBehavior().copyWith(scrollbars: false),
        scrollDirection: Axis.vertical,
        controller: pageController,
        onPageChanged: (index) {
          // 暂停(垂直滑动)
          controller.player.pause();
        },
        children: [
          Stack(
            children: [
              // 视频区域
              Positioned(
                top: 0,
                left: 0,
                right: 0,
                bottom: 0,
                child: GestureDetector(
                  child: Stack(
                    children: [
                      // 短视频插件
                      Video(
                        controller: controller,
                        fit: BoxFit.cover,
                        // 无控制条
                        controls: NoVideoControls,
                      ),
                      // 播放/暂停按钮
                      Center(
                        child: IconButton(
                          onPressed: () {
                            controller.player.playOrPause();
                          },
                          icon: StreamBuilder(
                            stream: controller.player.stream.playing,
                            builder: (context, playing) {
                              return Visibility(
                                visible: playing.data == false,
                                child: Icon(
                                  playing.data == true ? Icons.pause : Icons.play_arrow_rounded,
                                  color: Colors.white70,
                                  size: 50,
                                ),
                              );
                            },
                          ),
                        ),
                      ),
                    ],
                  ),
                  onTap: () {
                    controller.player.playOrPause();
                  },
                ),
              ),
              // 右侧操作栏
              Positioned(
                bottom: 70.0,
                right: 10.0,
                child: Column(
                  children: [
                    // ...
                  ],
                ),
              ),
              // 底部信息区域
              Positioned(
                bottom: 30.0,
                left: 15.0,
                right: 80.0,
                child: Column(
                  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
                  children: [
                    // ...
                  ],
                ),
              ),
              // 播放mini进度条
              Positioned(
                bottom: 15.0,
                left: 15.0,
                right: 15.0,
                child: Container(
                  // ...
                ),
              ),
            ],
          ),
          Container(
            color: Colors.black,
            child: const Center(child: Text('1', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 60),),)
          ),
          Container(
            color: Colors.black,
            child: const Center(child: Text('2', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 60),),)
          ),
          Container(
            color: Colors.black,
            child: const Center(child: Text('3', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 60),),)
          ),
        ],
      ),
      // 固定tab菜单
      Align(
        alignment: Alignment.topCenter,
        child: DefaultTabController(
          length: 3,
          child: TabBar(
            tabs: const [
              Tab(text: '推荐'),
              Tab(text: '关注'),
              Tab(text: '同城'),
            ],
            tabAlignment: TabAlignment.center,
            overlayColor: MaterialStateProperty.all(Colors.transparent),
            unselectedLabelColor: Colors.white70,
            labelColor: const Color(0xff0091ea),
            indicatorColor: const Color(0xff0091ea),
            indicatorSize: TabBarIndicatorSize.label,
            dividerHeight: 0,
            indicatorPadding: const EdgeInsets.all(5),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
),

flutter_winchat项目涵盖了很多flutter知识点，限于篇幅不能一一详细分享了。

希望以上的分享内容，对小伙伴们有些帮助。